@charset "UTF-8";
/* ------------------------------
   ARTICLES - ROOT VARIABLES
------------------------------ */
:root {
  --main-margin: 100px; /*change from 60 to 100 */
  --gutter: 30px; /* keep 30px - was 60px but last group had too much head room */
  --offset: 80px;
  --image-gap: 30px;
}


/* Master Reset for Editorial Grid */
*, *::before, *::after {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box; /* Essential for accurate grid math */
}


/* CORE  */
html, body {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  height: 100%;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: hidden; /* Prevents accidental side-scrolling from offsets */
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Neue Haas Grotesk Display Pro", sans-serif;
  background: #ffffff; /* #eaeaea color for article pgs */
	box-sizing: border-box; 
	overflow-x: hidden; 
}


/* GLOBAL CONTENT */

.vertical-bar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 20px;
  height: 100vh; 
  background-color: #7F55A3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content:center;  /*vertical centering */
  align-items: center; /* horizontal centering */
  pointer-events: none; /* avoid blocking any interaction */
  z-index: 999; /* stays above background but below overlay nav */
}	
.vertical-text {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.8px;
  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
  text-orientation: mixed; /* keeps letters upright */
  white-space: nowrap;
  margin: 1rem 0;
  text-align: center;
}
.vertical-text.company-name {
	font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif; /* include in article pgs */
  font-weight: 500; /* increased from 400 to 500 in article pgs */
  top: 100px;
  transform-origin: left top;
}
.vertical-text.tagline {
	font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif; 
  font-weight: 500;
  top: 40%;
  transform-origin: left center;
}
.vertical-text.date {
	font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif; 
  font-weight: 500;
  bottom: 190px;
  transform-origin: left bottom;
}


header {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 0; 
    z-index: 1000;
}


.logo svg {
    width: 30px;
    height: auto;
	color: black; 
    mix-blend-mode: difference; 
	transition: color 0.3s ease, background-color 0.3s ease;
}

/* save */
.logo-icon {
      position: absolute;
      top: 1.8em;
      left: 2.8em;
      width: 1.8em;
      height: 1.8em;
      z-index: 1001;
    }

.logo a{
	color: black;
	transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.logo a:hover,
.logo a:focus-visible {
	color: #5D5D5D
}


/* -------------- */
/* HAMBURGER MENU */
/* -------------- */
.hamburger {
  position: fixed;      
  top: 40px;
  right: 40px;
  width: 40px;
  height: 27px;     
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 1001; 
  background: none;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
}
.hamburger span {
  display: block;
  height: 3px;
  width: 100%;
  background: black; /* important - use black on light bg */
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  mix-blend-mode: difference;
  transition: 0.3s ease, opacity 0.3s ease, background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.hamburger.active span:nth-child(1) {
  transform: rotate(45deg) translateY(12px);    
}
.hamburger.active span:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}
.hamburger.active span:nth-child(3) {
  transform: rotate(-45deg) translateY(-12px);   
}


/* overrides  */
.theme-dark .logo svg {
    color: white;
}
.theme-dark .hamburger span {
    background-color: white;
}
.theme-light .logo svg {
    color: #000;
}
.theme-light .hamburger span {
    background-color: #000;
}


.nav-overly.active ~ .hamburger span,
.hamburger.active span {
	background-color: #fff;
	mix-blend-mode: normal;
}
.nav-overlay {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
	inset: 0;
    background: rgba(20,20,20,0.92);
	z-index: 1000;           
	
    align-items: center; 
    justify-content: center; 
	
	color: #fff; 
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
	
	display: none; 
	
    opacity: 0; 
    visibility: hidden; /* keep this on or doesn't work */
	pointer-events: none; 
	transition: opacity 0.3s ease, visibility 0.3s ease; 
}
.nav-overlay.active {
  display: flex; 
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transition-delay: 0s;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

/* Main nav list */
.nav-overlay ul {
  list-style: none; 
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: left; 
}
.nav-overlay ul > li {
  margin: 20px 0;
}
.nav-overlay ul li a {
font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif;  
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 4.8rem;  
  font-weight: 200;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.nav-overlay ul > li > a:hover {
  color: #d5ae7b;
}

/* Sub-navigation (secondary links) */
.nav-overlay ul li ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.nav-overlay ul li ul li {
  margin: 6px 0;
}
.nav-overlay ul li ul li a {
font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif; 
font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 2.1rem; 
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #CBC4BD;  
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.nav-overlay ul li ul li a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}



/* === Links styling (global) === */

a:link,
a:visited {
  color: #996633;
  text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover,
a:active {
  color: #777;
  text-decoration: none;
}



/* ----------------- FADE-IN ON SCROLL */
.fade-in {
  opacity: 0.5;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out,
              transform 0.8s ease-out;
  will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.fade-in.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}


/* ====================================
   1. Target all article and CTA images
   ==================================== */
.portrait-wrapper img, 
.landscape-stack img, 
.final-image-group img {
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.8s ease-in-out; /* Smooth fade speed */
}

/* ============================================================
   2. State when the image file is actually finished downloading 
   ============================================================ */
img.img-loaded {
  opacity: 1 !important;
}

/* ==============================================================================
   3. Optional: Change the 'black space' to a light grey to match a magazine feel 
   ============================================================================== */
.portrait-wrapper, 
.landscape-stack, /*siderail image*/ 
.final-image-group { /*related article thbs*/
  background-color: #ffffff; 
}



/* PAGE CONTENT */

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  display: block; /* Removes the tiny gap at the bottom of images */
  height: auto;
}

h1, h2, h3, p {
  margin: 0; /* Let the Grid gap and Flexbox handles the spacing */
}

h1 {
  font-family: "Baskerville", "Libre Baskerville", "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #000;
  font-size: 3.69vw;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  margin: 40px 80px 10px 0px;
}


 h2 {
  font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif; 
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.25vw;
  margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
  padding-right: 0px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  color: #000;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: 0px;
  max-width: 500px;
}



h3 {
  font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-weight: 200;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.18vw;
  margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
  padding-right: 12px;
  padding-top: 10px;
  color: #000;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: 0.1px;	
}


p {
	font-family: "Baskerville", "Libre Baskerville", "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;
	font-weight: 200;
	font-size: 14pt;
	font-style: normal;
	text-align: justify;
	text-align-last: left;
    text-justify: inter-character;
	text-justify: inter-word; /* Firefox/Legacy fix */
    -webkit-hyphens: none; /* For Safrai */
	-ms-hyphens: none; /* For old IE/Edge */
	hypens: none;  /* Standard */
	word-break: normal; /* backup for stubborn gaps */
	line-height: 1.25;
	padding-right: 0px;
	/*margin-bottom: 1.2px;*/
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	
}

.article-byline {
  margin-top: 10px; 
  line-height: 1.25;
  /* If the parent is align-items: flex-end, this text aligns right */
  text-align: inherit; 
  max-width: 80%; 
  font-family: "AdoptiveMono OT", monospace;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 9px;
  color: #333333;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0px;
  margin-left: 0px;
}



.breadcrumb {
  font-family: "AdoptiveMono OT", monospace;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 9px;
  color: #999999;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0px;
  margin-left: 0px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}


.breadcrumb a {
	color: #555;
	text-decoration: none;
	padding: 0.15em 0.9em;
	border-radius: 6px;
	transition: background-color 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
.breadcrumb a:hover,
.breadcrumb a:focus-visible {
	background-color: #FFED75;
	color: 000;
}
.breadcrumb span {
	color: 999; 
	cursor: default;
}


.main-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr);
  padding: var(--main-margin);
  max-width: 1600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  column-gap: var(--gutter);
}

/* Row 1: Hero */
.hero-row {
  grid-column: 1 / -1; /* Spans all 12 columns */
  margin-bottom: var(--gutter);
}
.hero-img {
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
}

/* Row 2: Headline & Body (Clean 50/50 Split) */
.content-row-1 {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; /* 50/50 split */
  gap: var(--gutter);
	
	/* yas add */
	align-tems: stretch;
}

/* yas add */
.left-col {
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: column;
}

/* yas add */
.right-col-top {
	text-align: justify;
	text-align-last: left;
    text-justify: inter-character;
	text-justify: inter-word; /* Firefox/Legacy fix */
    -webkit-hyphens: none; /* For Safrai */
	-ms-hyphens: none; /* For old IE/Edge */
	hypens: none;  /* Standard */ 
	word-break: normal; /* backup for stubborn gaps */	
	/*margin-top: 390px;*/
}

.right-col-bold {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 14pt;
	font-style: normal;
	text-align-last: left;
	line-height: 1;
	margin-bottom: 1em; 
	/*margin-top: 350px;*/
	margin-top: 90px;
}

.right-col p {
    text-align: justify;
	text-align-last: left;
    text-justify: inter-character;
	text-justify: inter-word; /* Firefox/Legacy fix */
    -webkit-hyphens: none; /* For Safrai */
	-ms-hyphens: auto; /* For old IE/Edge */
	hypens: auto;  /* Standard */ 
	word-break: normal; /* backup for stubborn gaps */	
    line-height: 1.2;
	margin-bottom: 1em;  
}


/* yas add */
.right-col {
	flex: 1;
}


.offset-text {
	 text-align: justify;
	text-align-last: left;
    text-justify: inter-character;
	text-justify: inter-word; /* Firefox/Legacy fix */
    -webkit-hyphens: none; /* For Safrai */
	-ms-hyphens: none; /* For old IE/Edge */
	hypens: none;  /* Standard */ 
	word-break: normal; /* backup for stubborn gaps */
	margin-bottom: 1em;  
	
}
.offset-text-bold {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 14pt;
	font-style: normal;
	text-align: justify;
	text-align-last: left;
    text-justify: inter-character;
	text-justify: inter-word; /* Firefox/Legacy fix */
    -webkit-hyphens: none; /* For Safrai */
	-ms-hyphens: none; /* For old IE/Edge */
	hypens: none;  /* Standard */ 
	word-break: normal; /* backup for stubborn gaps */
	line-height: 1.25;
	padding-right: 0px;
	margin-bottom: 1em;  
}


/* --- off on this design---- */
/*
.right-col, .offset-text p + p {
  text-indent: 2em;
} */


/* Row 3: Image Trio (Locked Proportion) */
.image-trio-row {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--image-gap);
  margin: var(--gutter) 0;
	margin-top: 80px; /* yas */
}

.portrait-wrapper img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
}

.landscape-stack {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--image-gap);
}

.landscape-stack img {
  height: calc(50% - (var(--image-gap) / 2));
  object-of: cover;
}

/* Row 4: The Grid Break (80px Offset) */
.grid-break-row {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  /* Left column is 50% + 80px offset */
  grid-template-columns: calc(50% + var(--offset)) 1fr;
  gap: var(--gutter);
	margin-top: 0px; /* yas */
	
}

.final-image-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
	padding-left: 80px; /* yas */
}

.bottom-caption {
  margin-top: auto; /* Anchors to bottom sentence of adjacent text */
  padding-top: 40px;
}

/* The container for the square image 1 and its text */
.square-img-group-1 {
/*  margin-top: 40px;*/ /* Space below the H2 */
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start; /* Default: Justified Left */
	max-width: 400px; /* yas */
	margin-top: auto;/* yas */
	text-align: left; /* yas */
}

/* to switch a specific image to justify right: */
.square-img-group.align-right {
  align-items: flex-end;
}

.square-img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; /* Forces the square shape */
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}


.caption {
  margin-top: 15px; /* Gap between image and description */
  line-height: 1.25;
  /* If the parent is align-items: flex-end, this text aligns right */
  text-align: inherit; 
  max-width: 100%; 
  /*font-style: italic;*/
  font-family: "AdoptiveMono OT", monospace;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 0.65em;
  color: #333333;
/*  text-transform: uppercase; */
  padding-top: 0px;
  margin-left: 0px;
}

.caption-bold {
  margin-top: 5px; 
  line-height: 1.25;
  /* If the parent is align-items: flex-end, this text aligns right */
  text-align: inherit; 
  max-width: 80%; 
 /* font-style: italic;*/
  font-family: "AdoptiveMono OT", monospace;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.65em;
  color: #000;
/*  text-transform: uppercase; */
  padding-top: 0px;
  margin-left: 0px;
	letter-spacing: 1;
}

/* ========================================
   FULL-WIDTH LOWER ARTICLE THUMBNAIL ROW 
   ======================================== */

.thumbnail-wrapper {
   padding: 50px 20px 30px 20px;
}

.center-container {
  max-width: 1920px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0px 60px 0px 60px; 
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(16, 1fr);
  column-gap: 20px;
}


.dividing-line {
  margin: 0px 100px 0px 100px;
  border-top: 1px dotted rgba(0,0,0,0.25); 
}


.related-article-h2 {
  position: relative;
  width: 100vw;
  font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 24px;
  color: #777777;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  padding-top: 120px;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  margin: 0px 40px 0px 40px;
 /* border-top: 1px dotted rgba(0,0,0,0.25); */
}


.ie-image-row-full-thb {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px 100px 140px 100px;     
  margin: 0 auto;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: auto;   
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--image-gap);    
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; 
}

/* Article thumbnail Image Container */
.ie-image-item-thb {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  /*gap: var(--caption-spacing);*/
  /*overflow: hidden; */
}

.ie-image-item-thb:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.03);
  opacity: 0.9;
}

/* Article thumbnail Images */
.ie-image-item-thb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;   /* set to 100% */
  object-fit: cover;            /* Makes landscape, square, portrait all behave beautifully */
  object-position: center;
  display: block;
  /* This forces shared height across columns */
 /* aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; */   /* adjust or remove for natural height */
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, opacity 0.3s ease; 
}

/* Related Article Captions */
.ie-image-item-thb figcaption {
  font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif;
  font-size:  16px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #3a3a3a;
  text-align: left;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-top: 0px;
  padding-top: 7px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1px;
}

/* Style for sub-headings below related article thumbnail */
.related-article-subhead {
  font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif;
  font-size:  14px;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #111111;
  text-align: left;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-top: 0px;
  padding-top: 3px;
  letter-spacing: 0px;  
  hyphens: none;
}


/* ---------------- */
/* FOOTER - desktop */ 
/* ---------------- */

footer {
    width: 100%;
	display: block;
    background-color: #111;
    color: #5B5B5B;
	padding: 60px 20px 30px 40px; 
	box-sizing: border-box; 
}

/* -------PILLARS (Integrated with existing fade-in script) */
.footer-pillars {
  display:flex;
  justify-content: flex-start; /* Aligns items to top left */
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  column-gap: 60px; /*Large gap between pillars */
  row-gap: 30px; /* Gap if they wrap to a second line */
  margin-bottom: 50px; 
  max-width: 1400px; /* Prevents stretching too far on a giant monitor */
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #414141;
	
  /* Animation Initial state */
    opacity: 0;
	transform: translateY(20px);
	transition: opacity 1.2s ease-out, transform 1.2s ease-out;
	will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.footer-pillars span {
	transition: color 0.4s ease, transform 0.4s ease;
	cursor: default;
}
.footer-pillars span:hover {
	color: #888; 
	transform: translateY(-2px); 
}
.footer-pillars.visible {
	opacity: 0.6s; 
	transform: translateY(0);
}
.footer-divider {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #333;
  margin: 0 0 20px 0; 
  width: 100%;
}

/* ----------------------------bottom: copyright left, links right */
.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between; /* copyright left, links right */
  align-items: flex-end;  /* anchors them to the bottom of this row */
}
/* copyright */
.footer-left {
  font-size: 11px;
	color: #888;
}
/* footer text - right side */
.footer-right {
    text-align: right;
	justify-content:center;
}
/* footer links */
.footer-right a {
    margin-left: 20px;
	display:inline; 
	font-family: "Neue Haas Grotesk Display Pro", sans-serif;
    font-size:  21px;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #414141;
    text-decoration: none;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	transition: opacity 0.3s ease; 
}

/* footer links-hover state */
.footer-right a:hover {
    color: #999;
	opacity: 0.5; 
}
.footer-right a:first-child {
	margin-left: 0;
}
.footer-right a:last-child {
	margin-right: 0;
}
.footer-right a + a::before {   
	content: "/";
	color: #414141;
	margin-left: 0.1rem;
	margin-right: 0.3rem;
}

/* Style for the active page link */
.footer-right a.current {
    color: #6c604f; /* Warm, muted gold */
    pointer-events: none; /* Prevents clicking the current page */
    cursor: default;
    opacity: 1; /* Ensures it stays bright and doesn't use the 0.5 hover opacity */
}

/* Optional: separator (/) to stay the dark gray color so the gold stands out more */
.footer-right a.current + a::before,
.footer-right a + a.current::before {
    color: #414141; 
}

/* ---------------------------Media Queries --- */

/*--------------------------*/
/*  1. Breakpoint: 1024px   */
/*--------------------------*/
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  :root {
    --main-margin: 100px;  /* Increase margin to increase space around nav items */
    --offset: 60px; /* Reducing offset slightly to fit screen */
    --padding: 20px;
  }

/* -------------------------- 1024px BODY ONLY */	
	

h1 {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 4vw;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  margin: 40px 0px 10px 0px;
}


 h2 {
  font-size: 1.3vw;
  margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
  padding-right: 0px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 350px;
}

	
/* yas add */
.right-col-top {
	text-align: justify;
	text-align-last: left;
    text-justify: inter-character;
	text-justify: inter-word; /* Firefox/Legacy fix */
    -webkit-hyphens: none; /* For Safrai */
	-ms-hyphens: none; /* For old IE/Edge */
	hypens: none;  /* Standard */ 
	word-break: normal; /* backup for stubborn gaps */	
	margin-top: 100px;
}

.right-col p {
    text-align: justify;
	text-align-last: left;
    text-justify: inter-character;
	text-justify: inter-word; /* Firefox/Legacy fix */
    -webkit-hyphens: none; /* For Safrai */
	-ms-hyphens: none; /* For old IE/Edge */
	hypens: none;  /* Standard */ 
	word-break: normal; /* backup for stubborn gaps */	
	 line-height: 1.2;
}


/* -------------------------- 1024px FOOTER ONLY */	
    .footer-pillars {
	column-gap: 30px; 
	font-size: 0.67rem;
	}
   }


/*------------------------*/
/*  2. Breakpoint: 900px  */
/*------------------------*/
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root {
    --gutter: 40px;
    --offset: 40px;
	--padding: 20px;
  }

/* -------------------------- 900px BODY ONLY */	
	
h1 {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 4vw;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  margin: 40px 0px 10px 0px;
}


 h2 {
  font-size: 1.4vw;
  margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
  padding-right: 0px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 330px;
}

	
/* The container for the square image 1 and its text */
.square-img-group-1 {
  margin-top: 30px; /* Space below the H2 */
 /* padding-right: 40px;*/
	padding-right: 0px;
}

.caption {
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 20px; 
  max-width: 100%; 
  padding-right: 0px;
}

.caption-bold {
  margin-top: 0px; 
  max-width: 100%; 
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  padding-right: 0px;
}

	
	
/* -------------------------- article thumbnail section 900px */
	.center-container {
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; 
   }

   .dividing-line {
     margin: 0px 100px 0px 60px;
     border-top: 1px dotted rgba(0,0,0,0.25); 
   }


  .related-article-h2 {
	 font-size: 24px;
     padding-top: 60px;
     padding-bottom: 20px;
     margin: 0px 40px 0px 40px;
    }
	
	
  .ie-image-row-full-thb {
	  display: grid;
	  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
	  padding: 40px 100px 0px 60px;
	  gap: 20px;
  }
  .ie-image-item-thb img {
	  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  }

	
	
	
/* -------------------------- 900px FOOTER ONLY */	
    .footer-pillars {
	column-gap: 30px; 
	font-size: 0.67rem;
	}
   }


/*------------------------*/
/*  3. Breakpoint: 768px  */
/*------------------------*/
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .content-row-1, .grid-break-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* Stack text and images */
  }
  
  .grid-break-row {
    gap: 20px;
	padding: 0px 40px 0px 40px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
  }
  
  .bottom-caption {
    padding-top: 10px; /* Caption moves directly under image */
  }

/* -------------------------- 768px BODY ONLY */	
	
h1 {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 5.4vw;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  margin: 40px 0px 10px 0px;
  max-width: 400px;
}


 h2 {
  font-size: 1.66vw;
  margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
  padding-right: 0px;
  padding-top: 0px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 400px;
}


.square-img-group-1 {
	margin-top: 30px;/* yas */
	 padding-right: 0px;
}

.content-row-1 {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr; 
  gap: var(--gutter);
	padding: 0px 40px 0px 40px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
}


.image-trio-row {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--image-gap);
  margin: var(--gutter) 0;
	margin-top: 40px; /* yas */
	padding: 0px 40px 0px 40px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
}
	
 .final-image-group {
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 40px 40px 0px 0px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
	 
}
	
.caption {
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 10px; /* Gap between image and description */
  max-width: 100%; /* Keeps caption from feeling too heavy */
	padding-right: 20px;
}

.caption-bold {
  margin-top: 0px;
  max-width: 100%;
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  padding-right: 20px;
		
}	
	
	
/* -------------------------- related article thumbnail section 768px */
	
	
	.center-container {
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; 
   }

   .dividing-line {
     margin: 0px 100px 0px 100px;
     border-top: 1px dotted rgba(0,0,0,0.25); 
   }


  .related-article-h2 {
	 font-size: 24px;
     padding-top: 60px;
     padding-bottom: 20px;
     margin: 0px 0px 0px 70px;
    }
	

  .related-article-subhead {
     padding-bottom: 40px;
    }
	
	
 /* .related-article-h2 {
      font-size: 24px;
      padding: 40px 0px 0px 30px;
  }*/
	
  .ie-image-row-full-thb {
	  display: grid;
	  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
	  padding: 40px 100px 0px 90px;
	  gap: 20px;
  }
  .ie-image-item-thb img {
	  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  }	
	
	
	
	
/* --------------------------768px FOOTER ONLY */	
	footer {
	padding: 60px 20px 30px; 
  }
	.footer-pillars {
	column-gap: 30px;
	padding-left: 20px;
  }
	
   .footer-left {
	padding-left: 20px;
  }
 }


/*------------------------*/
/*  4. Breakpoint: 600px  */
/*------------------------*/
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  :root {
    --main-margin: 80px;  /* Increase margin to increase space around nav items */
    --image-gap: 15px;
	  --padding: 20px;
  }
  
  .image-trio-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* Stack the image trio vertically */
  }

  .right-col p + p {
    text-indent: 1em; /* Smaller indent for mobile- must keep here */
  }

	 .grid-break-row {
    gap: 20px;
	padding: 0px 40px 0px 40px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
  }
	
/* --------------------------- 600px (mobile) NAV + VERTICAL BAR ------- */
   .vertical-bar {
    width: 16px;
  }

  .vertical-text {
   font-size: 8px;
 }

  .hamburger {
   top: 20px;
   right: 20px;
   width: 32px;
   height: 24px;
  }

  .nav-overlay a {
   font-size: 28px;
  }
	

/* -------------------------- 600px BODY ONLY */	
	
h1 {
  font-size: 42px;
 /* max-width: 330px;*/
}


 h2 {
  font-size: 15px;
 /* max-width: 330px;*/
}

/* The container for the square image 1 and its text */
.square-img-group-1 {
	margin-top: 50px;/* yas */
	 padding-right: 0px;
}


p {
	font-size: 11pt;
}

  
.caption {
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 10px; /* Gap between image and description */
  max-width: 100%; /* Keeps caption from feeling too heavy */
	padding-right: 10px;
}

.caption-bold {
  margin-top: 0px; 
  max-width: 100%; 
  font-size: 0.5rem;
	letter-spacing: 0;
	padding-right: 0px;
}

/* --------------------------Related article thumbnail section 600px */
	
	.center-container {
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; 
   }

   .dividing-line {
     margin: 0px 90px 0px 90px;
     border-top: 1px dotted rgba(0,0,0,0.25); 
   }


  .related-article-h2 {
	 font-size: 24px;
     padding-top: 60px;
     padding-bottom: 20px;
     margin: 0px 0px 0px 70px;
    }
	
	

  .related-article-subhead {
     padding-bottom: 40px;
    }
	
/* -------------------------- Related article thumbnails */
	
  /*.ie-image-row-full-thb {
	  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
	  padding: 30px 15px;
	  gap: 14px;
	} */
	
  .ie-image-row-full-thb {
	  display: grid;
	  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
	  padding: 0px 90px 0px 90px;
	  gap: 20px;
    }
	
  .ie-image-item-thb img {
	  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  }	

/* -------------------------- 600px FOOTER ONLY */	
	.footer-bottom {
	flex-direction: column; 
	align-items: flex-start; 
	gap: 15px;
	}
	
	.footer-pillars {
	flex-direction: column; 
	font-size: 11px; 
	padding-right: 90px;
	} 
	
	
	.footer-left { /* kept from previous */
    font-size: 10px;
	}
	
	.footer-right {
    text-align: left;
	display: flex;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	gap: 15px;
	padding-left: 20px;
   }	
	
	.footer-right a {
    font-size:  14px;
	margin-left: 0; 
   }	
}


/*-------------------------*/
/*  5. Breakpoint: 480px   */
/*-------------------------*/
@media (max-width: 480px) {


/* legacy */
  .logo-icon {
   top: 1em;
   left: 1.4em;
   width: 1.8em;
  }

/* --------------------------------------------  480px ADJUSTMENTS FOR NAV + VERTICAL BAR */
  .vertical-bar {
   width: 14px;
  }

  .vertical-text {
   font-size: 7px;
  }

  .hamburger {
   top: 24px;
   right: 24px;
   width: 28px;
   height: 24px;
  }

  .nav-overlay a {
   font-size: 22px;
  }	
	 .nav-overlay ul li a {
  font-family: "neue-haas-grotesk-display", sans-serif;  /* main catagories */
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 22px;  /* larger size for main catagories */
  font-weight: 400;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
 }	
	
  .breadcrumb {
  font-size: 9px;
  }


/* -------------------------- 480px BODY ONLY */	

  h1 {
  font-size: 36px;
  max-width: 300px;
}


 h2 {
  font-size: 14px;
  max-width: 300px;
}

.content-row-1 {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr; 
  gap: var(--gutter);
	padding: 0px 60px 0px 60px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
}
	
 .main-grid {
  padding-left: 40px; /* Minimum margin for very small phones increased from 15 to 80 -protects icon an hamburger */
  padding-right: 40px;
 /* max-width: 100%;*/
  margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
	

.left-col {
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: column;
}

  .right-col { 
    padding-right: 10px;
  } 
  .right-col p { 
    padding-right: 10px;
  } 
	
	
.right-col-top {
	margin-top: 40px;
}
	
	
  /* The container for the square image 1 and its text */
  .square-img-group-1 {
   margin-top: 50px;/* yas */
   padding-right: 20px;
}

  .image-trio-row {
	padding: 0px 60px 0px 60px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
	  margin-right: 20px;
  }

  .grid-break-row {
    gap: 20px;
	padding: 0px 60px 0px 60px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */
	  margin-right: 20px;
  }
	
 .final-image-group {
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 40px 0px 0px 0px; /* new for 768 breakpoint */ 
}
	
  
.caption {
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 10px; /* Gap between image and description */
  max-width: 100%; /* Keeps caption from feeling too heavy */
}

.caption-bold {
  margin-top: 0px;
  max-width: 100%; 
  font-size: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------480px NEW FOOTER ONLY adjustments  */	
	   
	.footer-bar {
     font-size: 10px;
   }
	     
	.footer-pillars {
	flex-direction: column; /* Pillars now stack vertically */
	row-gap: 15px;
	margin-bottom: 40px;
	padding-right: 60px;
   }
	.footer-pillars span {
	font-size: 0.7rem; 
	gap: 10px;
   }
  }